Suppressed/Classified: America’s Secret Thermobaric Nukes
The United States possesses and may well have used a devastating weapon designed to emulate terror attacks and even natural disasters.
Editor’s note: With the threat of nuclear terrorism against the US looming large, this article from 2014 has been noticed in Russia and elsewhere and will be the subject of media coverage over the next 48 hours.
Much of the information below was received from physicists from the DOE who confirmed that this was their initial working hypothesis for explaining the events of 9/11.
There are tens of thousands of articles in VT’s archives, this is only one. Why is it vital now? g
Friday, July 4, 2014 by Gordon Duff with Jeff Smith for Press TV and Veterans Today
The United States possesses and may well have used a devastating weapon designed to emulate terror attacks and even natural disasters.
The “thermo-metric bomb”, a combination of illegal enhanced or “salted” radiation or “neutron bomb” and infrared/thermal booster, weighing in at 10,000 pounds, is controlled by a “shadow” parallel command structure at one time under the direct control of former Vice President Dick Cheney.
Today, no one knows who controls these weapons, deployed on the B2 bomber on specially modified bays or any place a storage container or delivery truck can be left uninspected.
We do know this, they have been deployed, they have been used and “they work really well.”
A description of the weapon, designed for clandestine nuclear warfare:
“It is called a “Nuclear Thermobaric bomb”. This is what the 10,000lb bomb is that the B-2 was modified for. It uses a 1 kiloton primary surrounded by over 5,000 lbs. of iron oxide in powdered form. The devices are placed into a thick steel case, similar in looks to the Fat Man Bomb used on Hiroshima in 1945. The iron oxide or thermite is used as a secondary to make a very large heat wave blast.
It converts neutrons into infrared thermal heat energy, reducing fallout. It is an “infrared neutron bomb”. If you place several tons of iron oxide around a small nuke it will turn it into a massive enhanced radiation weapon. The neutron bomb is not the only enhanced weapon. There is an entire series of these devices such as the X-ray bomb and the EMP bomb. All primaries are nuclear. The secondaries vary depending on need or use.”
NOT SO SECRET NOW
In a leak received from a national intelligence agency other than the US, it has been learned that, during the late 1990s, the US sought to develop advanced bunker buster bombs as Russia was moving its strategic command center deep underground, beyond the reach of anything in America’s arsenal.
A virtual stream of leaks is a clear sign that, in the light of events in the Ukraine, Syria and Iraq, the “rule book” is being thrown out. From a discussion of the real 9/11 report, citing the use of nuclear weapons, the official finding of the United States Department of Energy:
“Again the original Sandia report that I read stated that it was a salted or enhance radiation device, not just a standard low level nuke. The report only identified the type of primary used being in the W-54 series of primary boosters made at Hanford. The secondary radiation enhancement part of the weapons used was eradicated from the text.”
The birth of this weapon is a story in itself. From a highest level source:
“It is used to destroy very large metal objects such as rail yards, refineries, oil storage tanks, steel mills and very large suspension bridges. It is also good on tank columns and big ships (supertankers).
The cover story is that it is one of the “new B-61 bunker buster mods” that the Air Force wants. This is to hide new weapons development that is banned by congress and Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty or ‘SALT 2.’”
BACKGROUND
With the cancellation of the nuclear bunker buster programs, the new “salted ‘secondary’” modified nuclear weapons went “dark,” and in doing so, eventually disappeared from official inventories and official “command structures” as well.
Over the past 24 months, Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, General Martin Dempsey removed “undesirable elements” from America’s nuclear command. Almost no one was left. Was General Dempsey securing “toys” like the thermometric bomb from rogue commanders who had used it in Afghanistan, as several reports confirm or even in the United States?
THE “BUNKER BUSTER” COVER STORY
From Wikipedia:
“The ‘bunker buster bomb’ was revisited after the Cold War during the 2001 U.S. invasion of Afghanistan, and again during the 2003 invasion of Iraq. During the campaign in Tora Bora in particular, the United States believed that “vast underground complexes,” deeply buried, were protecting opposing forces. Such complexes were not found. While a nuclear penetrator (the “Robust Nuclear Earth Penetrator”, or “RNEP”) was never built, the U.S. DOE was allotted budget to develop it, and tests were conducted by the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory. The RNEP was to use the 1.2 megaton B83 physics package.[17]
The Bush administration removed its request for funding [18] of the weapon in October 2005. While the project for the RNEP seems to be in fact canceled, Jane’s Information Group speculated in 2005 that work might continue under another name.[20]
A more recent development (c. 2012) is the GBU-57 Massive Ordnance Penetrator, a 30000 pound conventional gravity bomb. The USAF’s B-2 Spirit bombers can each carry two such weapons.”
Even Wikipedia was able to discern continuing “black projects” and budget irregularities that our sources indicate allowed nuclear war to be waged by the Bush/Cheney/Rumsfeld cabal.
MORE CAPABILITIES, MORE THREAT
Weapons designed with one purpose in mind, clandestine nuclear warfare, and “staged” natural disaster” or bringing to reality the continual “promises” of Dick Cheney, nuclear devastation of one or more American cities by “terrorists,” is closer to a reality each day.
With the theft of 350 “nuclear pits” from the Pentax facility in Amarillo, Texas and the confirmed use of nuclear weapons in the demolition of the World Trade Center on 9/11, confirmed by multiple intelligence agencies and the Department of Energy/Sandia 9/11 report of 2003, a dozen nations could well provide facilities and expertise, nations like Germany or Saudi Arabia, for the continued production and deployment of these “city killers.” From a high level source at an American nuclear lab, part of a group that believes these weapons were used as part of 9/11.
“These devices (thermometric nuclear weapons) are very good in an urban environment because they reduce fallout and mainly destroy steel infrastructure and power telecommunication systems only.
EMP effect. (Melted cars on 911).
The EMP effect is restricted to very long wave lengths due to the magnetic self-induction produced by the presence of the very heavy iron tamper surrounding the core. It is intended to melt steel, engine blocks and metal weapons, tanks, artillery, rifle barrels and set off ammunition. (Exploding bullets on 911)
It will induce a very high intensity magnetic pulse into any electrically conductive metal. (iron, steel, copper, aluminum) The thicker the metal the more energy it will absorb. So very thin metal will only heat up but not melt. This is called the skin effect.
In this case the steel structure of the buildings on 911 acted as a Faraday shield and absorbed most of the EMP pulse, turning it into more heat energy.”
THE SCIENCE
The briefing materials leaked include technical drawings, discussion notes and detailed explanations on the chemistry and physics of thermometric weapons. From these materials as they apply to discussion notes from the DOE/Sandia 9/11 report:
“In this case the iron oxide is sucked into the plasma ball immediately vaporizing it into nano sized particles when cooled. Iron absorbs more neutrons than any other non-nuclear material. It also holds the neutrons until cooled. It is the best heat transfer system ever devised for a Thermobaric weapon system. The hot plasma is then shot up the central core vaporizing anything in contact with it. Over-pressure would be minimum and light flash would be entirely in the Infrared / UV spectrum. The irradiated iron oxide is the heat transfer system needed to vaporize the central core all the way up the tower and it explains the ground zero high thermal temperatures lasting for so long.
Ionized Iron oxide is the mechanical heat transfer medium needed to melt the steel. The thermal blast energy has to travel up to 1,000 feet. The nuclear fireball is only 150 feet maximum in size. In order to transfer all of its energy it needs a thermal moderator. This is the job of the iron oxide to transfer the thermal radiation energy from the primary blast to the secondary load. It is referred to as impedance or thermal load matching. You half to efficiently transfer the thermal energy of the fire ball to the secondary load being the steel columns and beams of the building that are over 1,000 feet away from top to bottom.
This maximizes the weapons efficiency. Without the added plasma material added to the fire ball thermal transfer needed to melt the steel would be restricted to the outer most limits of the plasma ball or about 150 feet maximum. This may also enhance the EMP effect of the weapon.”
CONCLUSION
I am told the president of the United States will learn of these weapons programs only through reading this article. Even Wikipedia and Jane’s knew something was afoot, projects hidden from Congress, projects with a life of their own.
The issue isn’t secretly modified weapons, illegally designed and built but rather that we have no idea where they are, under whose control or how often they have been deployed.
What we do know is that they have been deployed. What we need to know is how to make sure they are never “deployed” again.
GD/NN
The original VT Nuclear Education Article with Jeff Smith
The Nuclear Thermobaric weapon
Submitted to Wikipedia but Curiously “Removed” and Edited
A Nuclear Thermobaric Weapon is a type of enhanced radiation weapon that utilizes boosted plasma from the nuclear fire ball to generate an intense, high-temperature explosion, and in practice the blast wave produced is typically larger and longer in duration than in a conventional explosive weapon design.
The fuel-air bomb is one of the most well-known types of thermobaric weapons. Most conventional explosives consist of a fuel-oxidizer of premix gunpowder, containing 25% fuel and 75% oxidizer, whereas thermobaric weapons are almost 100% fuel, so thermobaric weapons are significantly more energetic than conventional explosives of equal weight. Their reliance on atmospheric oxygen makes them unsuitable for use underwater, at high altitude, and in adverse weather. However the low yield nuclear thermobaric weapon solves this problem and can be use almost anywhere that it is needed.
Thermobaric weapons cause considerably more destruction when used inside confined environments such as steel reinforced buildings, tunnels, caves, and bunkers due to the sustained thermal blast wave created, and by consuming the available oxygen inside these spaces.
In contrast to a standard explosive, where oxidation in a confined region produces a blast front from essentially a point source. In a thermobaric explosion a flame front accelerates to a much larger volume producing very high pressure fronts both within the burning fuel and in the surrounding air.
Thermobaric explosives apply the principles underlying unconfined vapor cloud explosions, which include those from dispersions of flammable dusts and droplets. Such explosions are most often encountered in flour mills, their storage containers,coal mines, oil tankers and refineries.
A typical thermobaric weapon consists of a container packed with fuel, in the center of which is a small conventional-explosive or scattering charge. Fuels are chosen based on there exothermic properties of oxidation, usually consisting of powdered metals such as aluminum, magnesium, or iron oxide, a self-contained partial oxidant.
A thermobaric bomb’s effective yield involves a number of factors, among these are how well the fuel is dispersed, how rapidly it mixes with the surrounding atmosphere, and the initiation of the igniter and its position relative to the container of fuel. In some cases, separate charges are used to disperse and ignite the fuel. In other designs, stronger cases allow the fuel to be contained long enough for the fuel to heat to well above its auto-ignition temperature, so that, even its cooling during expansion from the container, results in rapid ignition once the mixture is within conventional flammability limits.
In a non conventional nuclear thermobaric weapon design using iron oxide as the plasma fuel or secondary booster. The continued combustion of the outer layer of molecules as they come into contact with the plasma fire ball generates additional heat which maintains the temperature of the fireball, allowing it to expand fare greater than normal in size and thus helps to sustain the detonation for a longer period of time. As in the conventional thermobaric design a very strong outer bomb casing will allow the secondary boost material to be contained long enough for the fuel to be properly absorbed in to the plasma fire ball drastically increasing the fire ball size and effectiveness as a thermal induction source.
This allows the weapon to be for more effective in the use against very large harden steel objects or any black bodies that will rapidly absorb infrared radiation at a distance.
In confinement, a series of reflective shock waves are generated, which helps maintain the fireball and can extend its duration for several seconds as the exothermic recombination reaction occurs.
Further damage can result as the fire ball cools and the pressure drops sharply, leading to a partial vacuum. When used in confined spaces as the flame front accelerate through it,a piston type after burning effect also occurs, producing a massive secondary explosive blast and a high pressure shock wave.
Fuel-air explosive
A fuel-air explosive (FAE) device consists of a container of fuel and two separate explosive charges. After the munition is dropped or fired, the first explosive charge bursts open the container at a predetermined height and disperses the fuel in a cloud that mixes with atmospheric oxygen, the size of the cloud varies with the size of the munition. The cloud of fuel flows around objects and into structures. The second charge then detonates the cloud, creating a massive blast wave. The blast wave will destroy unreinforced buildings,equipment and kills or injures people. The antipersonnel effect of the blast wave is more severe in foxholes, on people with body armor, and in enclosed spaces such as caves, buildings, and bunkers.
Fuel-air explosives were first developed, and used in Vietnam, by the United States. Russian scientists, developed their own FAE weapons, which were reportedly used in Afghanistan. Since then, research and development has continued and currently Russian forces field a wide array of third-generation FAE warheads.
Effects
The blast or kill mechanism against living targets is unique and unpleasant. What kills is the pressure wave, and more importantly, the subsequent rarefaction or vacuum, which ruptures the lungs. If the fuel deflagrates but does not detonate, victims will be severely burned and will also inhale the burning fuel. Since the most common FAE fuels are highly toxic, undetonated FAE should prove as lethal to personnel caught within the cloud as most chemical agents.
Russian developments
The Russian armed forces have developed thermobaric ammunition variants for several of their weapons, such as the TGB-7V thermobaric grenade with a lethality radius of 10 meters (33 ft), which can be launched from a RPG-7. The GM-94 is a 43 mm pump-action grenade launcher which is designed mainly to fire thermobaric grenades for close quarters combat.
With the grenade weighing 250 grams (8.8 oz) and holding a 160 grams (5.6 oz) explosive mixture, its lethality radius is 3 meters (9.8 ft); however, due to the deliberate “fragmentation-free” design of the grenade, 4 meters (13 ft) is already considered a safe distance.
The RPO-A and upgraded RPO-M are infantry-portable RPGs designed to fire thermobaric rockets. The RPO-M, for instance, has a thermobaric warhead with a TNT equivalence of 5.5 kilograms (12 lb) of TNT and destructive capabilities similar to a 152 mm High explosive fragmentation artillery shell.
The RSgH-1 and the RSgH-2 are thermobaric variants of the RPG-27 and RPG-26 respectively. The RSgH-1 is the more powerful variant, with its warhead having a 10 meters (33 ft) lethality radius and producing about the same effect as 6 kg (13 lb) of TNT.[
The RMG is a further derivative of the RPG-26 that uses a tandem-charge warhead, whereby the precursor HEAT warhead blasts an opening for the main thermobaric charge to enter and detonate inside.
The RMG’s precursor HEAT warhead can penetrate 300 mm of reinforced concrete or over 100 mm of Rolled homogeneous Armour, thus allowing the 105 millimeters (4.1 in) diameter thermobaric warhead to detonate inside.
Other examples include the SACLOS or millimeter wave radar-guided thermobaric variants of the 9M123 Khrizantema, the 9M133F-1 thermobaric warhead variant of the 9M133 Kornet, and the 9M131F thermobaric warhead variant of the 9K115-2 Metis-M, all of which are anti-tank missiles.
The Kornet has since been upgraded to the Kornet-EM, and its thermobaric variant has a maximum range of 10 kilometers (6.2 mi) and has the TNT equivalent of 7 kilograms (15 lb) of TNT. The 300 mm 9M55S thermobaric cluster warhead rocket was built to be fired from the BM-30 Smerch MLRS. A dedicated carrier of thermobaric weapons is the TOS-1, a 24-tube MLRS designed to fire 220 mm caliber thermobaric rockets. A full salvo from the TOS-1 will cover a rectangle 200×400 meters.
The Iskander-M theater ballistic missile can also carry a 700 kilograms (1,500 lb) thermobaric warhead.
Many Russian Air Force munitions also have thermobaric variants. The KAB-500-OD variant of the KAB-500KR has a 250 kg (550 lb) thermobaric warhead. The ODAB-500PM and ODAB-500PMV unguided bombs carry a 190 kg (420 lb) fuel-air explosive each. The KAB-1500S GLONASS/GPS guided 1,500 kg (3,300 lb) bomb also has a thermobaric variant. Its fireball will cover over a 150-meter (490 ft) radius and its lethality zone is a 500-meter (1,600 ft) radius.
In September 2007 Russia exploded the largest thermobaric weapon ever made. The weapon’s yield was reportedly greater than that of the smallest dial-a-yield nuclear weapon at its lowest setting.
Russia named this ordnance the “Father of All Bombs” in response to the United States developed “Massive Ordnance Air Blast” (MOAB) or the “Mother of All Bombs”, and it held the position of being the most powerful non-nuclear weapon in history.
The bomb contains a 7 tons charge of liquid fuel ethylene oxide, mixed with aluminum, surrounding a high explosive charge that when detonated creates an explosion equivalent to 44 metric tons of TNT.
US developments
Current US FAE munitions include:
The XM1060 40-mm grenade is a small-arms thermobaric device, which was delivered to U.S. forces in April 2003. Since the 2003 Invasion of Iraq, the US Marine Corps has introduced a thermobaric ‘Novel Explosive’ (SMAW-NE) round for the Mk 153 SMAW rocket launcher. One team of Marines reported that they had destroyed a large one-story masonry type building with one round from 100 yards (91 m).
The AGM-114N Hellfire II, first used by U.S. forces in 2003 in Iraq, uses a Metal Augmented Charge (MAC) warhead that contains a thermobaric explosive fill using fluoridated aluminum layered between the charge casing and a PBXN-112 explosive mixture. When the PBXN-112 detonates, the aluminium mixture is dispersed and rapidly burns. The resultant sustained high pressure is extremely effective against people and structures.
According to UK Ministry of Defense, British military forces have also used thermobaric weapons in their AGM-114N Hellfire missiles carried by Apache helicopters and UAVs against the Taliban in the War in Afghanistan.
The US military also used thermobaric weapons in Afghanistan. On 3 March 2002, a single 2,000 lb (910 kg) laser guided thermobaric bomb was used by the United States Army against cave complexes in which Al-Qaedaand Taliban fighters had taken refuge in the Gardez region of Afghanistan.
The SMAW-NE was used by the US Marines during the First Battle of Fallujah and Second Battle of Fallujah.
Thermobaric and fuel-air explosives have been used in guerrilla warfare since the 1983 Beirut barracks bombing in Lebanon, which used a gas-enhanced explosive mechanism, probably propane, butane or acetylene. The explosive used by the bombers in the 1993 World Trade Center bombing incorporated the FAE principle, using three tanks of bottled hydrogen gas to enhance the blast.Jemaah Islamiyah bombers used a shock-dispersed solid fuel charge, based on the thermobaric principle, to attack the Sari nightclub in the 2002 Bali bombings.
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